The large flowers Whelan prone diseases are mainly: (1) disease: disease as a result of the different parts and different diseases produce, can be divided into black rot, heart rot, stem rot, damping-off disease, etc., will occur throughout the year. High temperature in the greenhouse cultivation, watering too much, poor ventilation in the case, leaves a lot of water has accumulated in the tip, over time, most likely to cause disease. The annual incidence from June to August is the peak period. From seedlings to flowering plants can suffer, especially polyethylene plate and new seedling buds, leaf most vulnerable. control methods: ① Environmental Control: blue shed to ventilation, lighting should be sufficient. Disease, strictly control the water, and timely removal of diseased leaves, strain, while avoiding top-down water. ② Once infected plants, immediately remove the diseased tissue, while non-infected tissue than cut about 1 inch, then the whole plant, such as removal of injured seriously. ③ scissors and other utensils should be disinfected. ④ pharmaceutical treatment: 80% of manganese is used 500 times spraying pump. Can also be used 1:2000 8 – hydroxy quinoline sulfate spray, or strain in sodium o-phenyl phenol immersed 1 hour, if necessary, 3 to 7 days for repeat treatment.
same ornamental species are common in winter Fenglan (C.dayanum), flowers white with purple stripes. Jasper blue (C.lowlanum), yellow-green flowers, purple lip. Allamanda blue (C.iridioides), flowers pale yellow, lip yellow. Exclusive Spring (C.eburneum), flowers pure white, lip with purple dots. Short leaf Cymbidium (C.wilsonii), flowers pale green, lip yellowish-white, red and brown stripes and spots.
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(2) rot rot often against big spending Whelan leaves, buds, bulbs, a year from spring to autumn are likely to occur. control methods use pharmaceutical treatment: general pesticides on soft rot is invalid, so once the disease had to discard diseased plants. Therefore, mainly to take preventive measures, with 40% steel spray 400 times faster effect was rather good. You can also use the security chain of more than 68.8% or 18.8% of the chain policy factors 1000 times micro-elements, spray every 7-10 days time, a continuous three to four times. These types of drugs used interchangeably in turn can be taken to avoid plant resistance. (3) root rot control methods: Use 1 tablespoon of benzene to special water 4000 g with Baptist roots or water facilities. (4) carbon carbon jaundice jaundice disease patients generally harm orchid leaves, pseudobulb and sepals, petals. control methods: Chang Fu Dan used 500 times, 1000 times or mancozeb spraying once a week for three consecutive.
7, flowering management: large flowering Whelan spent more than Dongmochunchu, flowers long life, a whole string of flowers can remain open 50 – 80 days at room temperature 10 ℃ may have up to three months of flowering. At this point management is mainly temperature and water control, optimum temperature at 10 ℃ – 15 ℃, humidity 80%. Water can not be too much. Enough fertilizer to be applied. Maintain good indoor ventilation. spent post-processing: Hua Xie, the new shoots begin to grow, this time should be spent Whelan moved to large outdoor watering once every two days. As temperatures rise, the sun gradually increased, this time should be moved to semi-shade, a pouring enough water every morning. Fertilizer once a month, pre-nitrogen-based, in June after increasing P and K applied to be appropriate to promote flower bud. In order to nutrient concentration, enabling the growth of flower buds, each bulb can stay up to two buds, new buds extra time must be erased. When the flower buds should be shaded out and pay attention to ventilation, too late too weak buds should also be promptly erased. As long as careful maintenance, the following year before the Spring Festival, the flower bloom in turn Whelan, the owner brought the United States to enjoy.
common cultivars have magenta Anna Belle (Annabelle), color spots (Heathery), blue blood, Barcelona (Barcelona), king of the forest (ForestKing), Lewis Duke (LevisDuke) and Vanguard (Vanguard ), red Carmen (Carmen), red beauty (RedBeauty), milky cascade (Cascade), pastoral (Madrigal), golden yellow wool (GoldenFleece). Lyric poet (Troubadour), silver-gray Molly (Molly) and white bride (TheBride).
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Large flower Whelan alias “Cymbidium”, sometimes called “Orchids” . Whelan spent a large green leaf length, flower position rough, bold and magnificent, world famous “Orchid star.” Large plants and flowers, flowers Whelan is divided into large and small, flowers large, yellow, white, green, red, pink and re-color and other colors, colorful, colorful, flowers and tidy and firm texture, durable does not wither, is a luxurious and elegant type of orchid. It has a delicate fragrance and elegant Cymbidium, Orchids have the colorful, very popular in the international flower market, flower lovers by dumping love. one large flower morphology Whelan is a perennial herb with nature, pseudobulb oval, thick, wide leaves and long, drooping, light green and shiny. Scapes obliquus, slightly curved, with flowers 6–12 flower. Flowers large, colorful, colors are red, purple, pink, white, yellow, light green. Spend slightly aroma. They also provide for the common foreign orchid cultivars to take a very romantic name, such as Anna Erli, color spots, king of the forest, Lewis Duke, Carmen Red, Red America, small waterfalls, pastoral, lyric poet, white bride , Princess. Second, the biological characteristics of the flower Whelan origin in southwest China. Gully sides and often wild forest in half shade environment. Hi winter warmth and summer cool. Growth temperature for 10 – 25 ℃. Better at night about 10 ℃. Green leaves, flower bud growth and development of normal, normal stem elongation, in February-March flowering, if the temperature is below 5 ℃, yellow leaves, if the temperature is about 15 ℃, flower buds will suddenly stretch, January-February flowering , soft, not erect stems. Such as night temperatures as high as 20 ℃, the growth of lush foliage, will affect the flowering, the buds will form a brown, short, large flower Whelan flower bud formation, flowering stem and out, requires a large temperature difference between day and night. root structure of the flower Whelan: Whelan roots and large flowers generally different from plant roots, it stems directly from the match-fixing root give birth to the same cluster or scattered shaped root, thick, pale, with a significant root cap, no main root, branch roots, fine roots of the points, and no root hairs. Its length is generally a year to grow to 22 cm, more than two years up to 60 cm. In case of obstruction or damage to the root can also give birth to more than one branch, but the shape remains the same and the original root. Inside and outside the root of the structure is divided into two layers, the inner wire as small as the center column, with a very robust machine organization, not easily broken, for a fixed blue line, but also water and nutrient transport channel. Outer layer of cells in the epidermis, there is the root bark tissue, brittle and easily broken, store water and nutrients, full of water, there is drought and protect the lining of the role. The outer surface of the root bark of the green dot there is a unique chamber Langen. In the root epidermal Lan Lan bacteria inside there is a parasitic, symbiotic with Langen, Langen bacteria to absorb nutrients by orchid, orchid common bacteria are aerobic bacteria. When Langen lack of blue bacteria when it is difficult to grow. big blue flowers on the water quality is relatively high, like slightly acidic water, the water calcium and magnesium ions are more sensitive. To rain water is ideal. Growing need high air humidity. If humidity is too low, stunted plant growth, slow growth and small roots, leaves thicken and narrow, yellowish leaves. Overall, the flower Whelan afraid afraid of the wet dry. lighting is high-impact growth and flowering Whelan took an important factor. Whelan in the flower orchid plants are a class of hi light, light enough leaf growth is conducive to the formation of stem and blossom. Too much shade, leaves slender and thin, not upright, pseudobulb smaller susceptibility to disease, affecting flowering. Summer shading 50% – 60% more common in the autumn sun, is conducive to flower bud formation and differentiation. Yu Xuetian winter, such as adding auxiliary light, very favorable for flowering. large flower seed breeding Whelan, currently the main method of propagation by tissue culture. Rapid emergence of this method, good quality, high purity, suitable for factory production. three large flower Whelan main cultivation techniques Whelan as Xi Yang afraid to spend big sun exposure, so most current production using greenhouse pot approach. (a) greenhouse structures greenhouses built in the ventilation requirements of the drainage conditions are good places. north and south sides of the greenhouse to be used movable, easy to open and ventilation. Top of the net to take the shade. To save costs, in practice, can also be used to build simple bamboo shade shed. (b) the cultivation of the flower pots with Whelan are plastic pot. Basin bottom to porous, breathable. Different specifications with different sizes of plastic pots. Usually within a year seedlings available 8 × 8 cm pot, in the second year seedlings available in 12 × 12 cm potted plants, flowering can be the third year to 18 × 19 cm pots with planting. (c) of the culture medium rich in organic matter , loose, good drainage, high porosity medium is best. Production practice, usually with crushed pine bark to 1 cm size, soaked in water, and after the use of sterilization by high humidity. (d) of cultivation root in the cultivation of flowers planted to all, not too shallow, nor can pseudobulb head buried. (e) the daily management of 1, temperature: production of optimum temperature 15 ℃ – 20 ℃, the larger the flower Whelan like day and night temperature above 10 ℃, high day temperature, night temperature is low, its growth and flower bud is extremely beneficial. Temperature exceeds 30 ℃, it will cause blight or bud out. 2, watering and humidity: water is a big flower Whelan breeding of the most important part. According to climate, substrate, planters and orchid itself the different requirements of the growth phase correct watering. In general, the more water in summer, winter, less water; matrix permeability pouring more good, bad pouring; seedlings pouring, pouring more seedlings. Whelan asked the flower best in the air relative humidity is 80% to 90%. Too much air is dry and humidity are detrimental to the growth of orchids. Too dry and could easily lead to blue leaves yellow; excessive moisture prone diseases. General ventilation can be used to adjust the spray or humidity. Big Flower Whelan on the water quality requirements are very high, the water requirements of clean water, PH value between 5.1 to 6.6, too high or too low will inhibit new root growth. Water temperature is not much difference with the plant material, otherwise it will hurt the root growth. Such as high summer water temperature to be in the morning and evening watering, so as not to burn Langen; winter water temperature is very low, to be watering at noon, to avoid frostbite Langen. Most of our current culture is a big flower hybrid Whelan, resistance is weak, so no matter the water source is groundwater, spring water, rainwater, it is best in a covered pool in the storage build 1-2 days after treatment testing before use. This ensures that water quality problems will not affect root growth. 3, light: light mainly refers to the sun, including artificial light. Whelan spent a large demand is generally light in 15000Lux to 70000Lux, it is a good light plants. When the amount of light plants can best meet the needs of blue, then blue line growth is very healthy, tall, short, wide leaves, leaf quality thick, light green or yellow leaves, bulbs enrich full, flowering rate is high, more than a few flowers, colors are bright and shiny. Light is not possible, it should have a certain limit. If more than 70000Lux. Photosynthesis but it slow, especially in the summer and autumn, high temperatures, direct sunlight on the leaves at the blue line, a long time leaves were burned. Therefore, in the summer and autumn, must a person to prevent direct light, reducing the amount of light. Approach: one is the use of different specifications shading network to control and reduce the amount of light, while increasing the ventilation and humidity, or blue lines will hurt. light than 10000Lux, that is, insufficient light, photosynthesis less, inadequate nutrition, orchid plants in this environment will be leggy, thin leaves and long, dark green leaf color, leaf quality is thin and soft, weak and drooping of whole , it is numb. This low rate of flowering orchid plants, flowers can bloom and few, bright colors are not dull. Therefore, in the absence of sufficient light, especially in winter and spring, it should put off the shading, as far as possible into the blue shed light, in the long rainy season, when necessary, can also be used to compensate for fluorescent lighting deficiencies. 4, ventilation: the ideal orchid sites, in addition to pay attention to light, temperature, humidity, choice and control, but also pay attention to ventilation, fresh air. Because of good ventilation, fresh air, and physical barriers to pests and diseases also reduced. Whelan spent a large growth in the whole process requires wind, which is generally the end can be seen fluttering leaf plants prevail, so that leaves can evaporate out of the water vapor and polluted air, and was immediately blown away, which can promote root transpiration of water and leaves a smooth cycle to allow the rapid growth of plants. In particular, each 6 to 8 months, when the light intensity, high temperature, humidity, and often produce the blue shed hot environment, water vapor stagnation lingers, it is taboo for orchids, which not only destroyed the blue line of the metabolism, while the incidence of pests and diseases and to promote the rapid spread of disaster, dust in the air will also affect the respiratory and photosynthetic orchid plants to the growth and development are impaired, so the air convection to keep the exchange of fresh air. Also note that the air convection also limited, but also according to the season to control, such as convection much bound to hurt blue leaves. Low winter temperatures outside, into the blue air-conditioned shed, which is very detrimental to the growth of the blue line, to consider reducing or stopping, or at noon time ventilation. 5, fertilization: the flower Whelan hi fat. Small seedlings required high potash, the large proportion of seedlings to be increased phosphate fertilizer, organic fertilizer, foliar fertilizer supplement, usually once every half fertilization, long-acting slow-release fertilizer if applied compound, can be three or six months release time. 6, pest control: large flower Whelan pests mainly occurred: (1) The scale insects categories: General in the management of extensive blue shed, poor ventilation, lack of sunlight when prone. Occurs, can be used off-speed emulsion or large loose off loose and pyrethrins emulsion 1000 times, spray once every 7 days, three times. (2) whitefly: treatment methods, ibid; (3) pest mites, primarily spider mites, yellow spider and fake spiders. Control Methods: First, by using a soap bubble of water spray; second is to use dicofol, mites and other off-speed 1000–1500 times of spraying once a week for three consecutive. (4) aphids: the general use of omethoate, in addition to early permethrin, methamidophos, 1000 times the rotation acetic acid spray.
2010 年 12 月 09 日
